Productivity can be directly affected by a wide range of factors, including...
Processes
No matter what your business does, without clearly-defined processes, your results will always be affected by the human factor and the variances in efficiency this brings.
People
Your people are the vital link in ensuring each process runs at its optimum level. Identifying and plugging any gaps in staff skills, knowledge, training or resources is essential.
Performance
If you don't monitor the data that matters and track your business performance against your goals and objectives, you won't be able to change and optimise things for even greater gains.
BUT...
Without knowing what your key challenges are, you won't be able to improve them!